Zusammenfassung
Mit der Erstzulassung des TNF-α-Antagonisten Etanercept zur Behandlung der juvenilen
polyartikulären Arthritis vor nunmehr 8 Jahren wurden die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
revolutionär erweitert. Die heute zur Verfügung stehenden drei TNF-Antagonisten Etanercept,
Adalimumab und Infliximab erscheinen gleichwertig effektiv bei der Behandlung der
Arthritis, wenngleich keine Studien zum Direktvergleich zur Verfügung stehen. Die
profunde Entzündungshemmung bewirkt eine Verminderung subjektiver Beschwerden, Morgensteifigkeit,
Gelenkschmerzen, Müdigkeit/Fatigue, Verhinderung von Knorpel- und Knochendestruktionen
und Aufholwachstum bei der weit überwiegenden Mehrheit der Patienten bei überraschend
guter Verträglichkeit. Extraartikuläre Manifestationen, wie z. B. die chronische Uveitis
und die systemischen Manifestationen im Rahmen eines Still-Syndroms lassen sich nicht
mit gleicher Zuverlässigkeit kontrollieren. Adalimumab scheint aber für den Einsatz
bei der JIA-assoziierten Uveitis besonders geeignet. Aufgrund der Verschiedenheit
der Zytokindysregulation beim Still-Syndrom ist die Blockade der proinflammatorischen
Zytokine Interleukin-1β und Interleukin-6 mit dem Interleukin-1-Rezeptoranatonisten
Anakinra oder dem Interleukin-1-Rezeptor Fusionsprotein Rilonacept bzw. mit Tocilizumab,
einem Antikörper gegen den Interleukin-6-Rezeptor, bereits in klinischen Studien erfolgreich
untersucht. Neben der Zytokinblockade ist die Ausschaltung der Aktivierung von T-Zellen
durch Blockade kostimulatorischer Moleküle mit Abatacept, einem CTLA4-IgG-Fusionsprotein,
erfolgreich. Die vorliegende Übersicht soll den aktuellen Stand dieser neuen Therapiestrategien
der differenziellen Zytokinblockade und der Aktivierungsblockade bei der Therapie
der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis darstellen.
Abstract
Since Etancercept has been introduced as the first TNF-antagonist for treatment of
juvenile idiopathic arthritis in 1999 the therapeutic repertoire has markedly widened.
Today, there are three TNF-antagonists available: Etanercept, Infliximab and Adalimumab,
which seem to have comparable efficacy for the treatment of arthritis. However, there
are no studies comparing their efficacy directly. The profound depression of the inflammation
clinically results in an improvement of fatigue, morning stiffness, joint pain, and
joint swelling, alternates bone and cartilage destruction and increases catch up growth
in the majority of patients. Extraarticular manifestations, especially uveitis, and
systemic manifestations seem not to respond equally to treatment with the different
TNF-antagonists. Adalimumab has been reported to be useful for treatment of JIA-associated
uveitis. In systemic arthritis, however, due to a different cytokine dysregulation,
direct blockade of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 using
the interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist Anakinra, the interleukin-1-receptor fusion
protein Rilonacept or the anti-interleukin-6-receptor antibody Tocilizumab has been
evaluated in clinical trials. Blockade of accessory co-stimulatory molecules using
the CTLA4-fusion protein Abatacept is an alternative to cytokine antagonisation and
has also been tried. The aim of this report is to evaluare the current therapeutic
options using biologics for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Schlüsselwörter
juvenile idiopathische Arthritis - Abatacept - Adalimumab - Anakinra - Etanercept
- Infliximab - Rilonacept - Tocilizumab - Uveitis
Key words
juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Adalimumab - Etanercept - Infliximab - Uveitis - Abatacept
- Anakinra - Rilonacept - Tocilizumab
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Prof. Gerd Horneff
Zentrum für Neonatologie und Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Asklepios Klinik Sankt Augustin
Arnold-Janssen-Str. 29
53575 Sankt Augustin
Telefon: ++49/22 41/24 92 00
Fax: ++49/22 41/24 92 03
eMail: g.horneff@asklepios.com